![]() ![]() A series of task-based functional MRI (fMRI) studies also reveal task-induced deactivation in the default mode network or reversible alterations of the brain during working memory tasks ( Zhu et al., 2006 He et al., 2011). (2001) have found that patients with hypothyroidism exhibit lower regional activity and reduced regional cerebral blood flow in brain areas related to cognitive function. Many studies have shown, mainly using neuropsychological tests, that hypothyroidism or SCH is related to cognitive impairments, such as attention, memory, psychomotor, and executive functions ( Resta et al., 2012 Pasqualetti et al., 2015 Yuan et al., 2020). The SCH is characterized by abnormally elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, while the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) remain within the reference range ( Cooper and Biondi, 2012). Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disease that is manifested in four types, namely, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Negative correlations between nGMV and TSH suggest that TSH elevation may induce abnormalities in the cortex. In addition, the normalized GMV (nGMV) was negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level ( r = −0.722, p < 0.001).Ĭonclusion: Results indicate that patients with SCH exhibit reduced GMVs, altered BOLD signals, and activation in regions associated with attention control, which further suggest that patients with SCH may have attentional control deficiency, and the weakened PFC–ACC–precuneus brain network might be one of the neural mechanisms. Compared to controls, the SCH group had lower activation of the above brain areas, especially during the color-naming task. The fMRI results showed a distributed network of brain regions in both groups, consisting of PFCs (including superior and middle and inferior frontal cortices), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, as well as the insula and caudate nucleus. Results: Compared to controls, the VBM results showed decreased gray matter volumes (GMVs) in bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFCs, including middle, medial, and inferior frontal gyri), cingulate gyrus, precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and insula in patients with SCH. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese-revised (MoCA-CR) and the Stroop task were used to evaluate the cognitive and attention control of the participants. Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images and an fMRI scan were taken from 18 patients with SCH and 18 matched control subjects. Objective: This study aimed to explore the structural changes in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to investigate the altered attentional control networks using functional MRI (fMRI) during the performance of a modified Stroop task with Chinese characters. 6Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.5Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.4Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.3Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.2Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. ![]() Jingjing Yin 1,2,3 Lei Xie 1,2,3 DongXue Luo 4 Jinzhuang Huang 1,2,3 Ruiwei Guo 1,2,3 Yanmin Zheng 1,2,3 Wencan Xu 5 Shouxing Duan 3,6 Zhirong Lin 1 Shuhua Ma 1,2,3 * ![]()
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